Symptoms of Low Potassium and What to Do About It
Potassium is an electrolyte that helps regulate your body's ability to balance fluids. It also aids in muscle contractions, heart function, and digestive function. Potassium levels can become low for a variety of reasons, and it’s important to know the symptoms so you can seek treatment if necessary. Keep reading to learn more about low potassium levels and what you can do about it.
What are the Symptoms 
Low potassium, or hypokalemia, is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood. Symptoms can vary depending on the severity, and include:
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Abdominal Bloating
- Difficulty Breathing
- Irregular Heartbeat
- Frequent Urination
- Muscle cramps or weakness
In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis, heart arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Because low levels of potassium can be dangerous, it is important to recognize the symptoms and seek medical attention as soon as possible to have your potassium levels tested.
How Potassium Testing is Done
Potassium levels are generally tested as part of a routine blood work, or when potassium problems are suspected. The test measures the amount of potassium in the bloodstream and is an important indicator of overall health. A blood test is the most accurate way to test for low levels of potassium . Your doctor will take a small sample of your blood and send it to a lab for testing. Additionally, a urine test can also be used to detect low potassium levels, however, this type of test is not as accurate as a blood test.
What are the Causes?
There are a number of factors that can contribute to low potassium levels, including:
- Diuretic Medications
- Excessive Sweating
- Kidney Disease
- Malnutrition or an Eating Disorder
- Alcoholism
- Certain Medications (such as steroids and beta-blockers)
- Vomiting and Diarrhea
Some people are more at risk for low potassium levels than others. This includes people with diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease.
Treatment
Treatment for low potassium levels will depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Treatment may include changes in diet to increase potassium intake, medication, or IV fluids. In most cases, low levels of potassium can be easily corrected with dietary changes and supplements. Your doctor will likely recommend that you take an over the counter supplement, or eat foods that are high in potassium. Some examples of foods that are high in potassium include bananas, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, and spinach. Your doctor will also likely recommend that you limit your intake of salt and alcohol and drink plenty of fluids. In severe cases, you may need to be hospitalized so you can receive IV fluids and electrolytes.
Preventing Low Levels of Potassium
The best way to prevent low potassium levels is to make sure you are getting enough potassium in your diet and limit the use of medications that can interfere with potassium levels. Eating a balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables is the best way to ensure adequate intake of potassium. You should also be mindful of any medications you may be taking, as some can cause reduced potassium levels. Lastly, if you have a condition like kidney disease or diabetes that puts you at risk for low levels of potassium, be sure to check your potassium levels regularly and talk to your doctor about ways to maintain healthy levels.
The Risks of Not Treating Low Levels of Potassium
Low levels of potassium, or hypokalemia, can be extremely dangerous if left untreated. This is especially true for people who are already at risk of low potassium levels due to certain medical conditions or medications. Possible risks associated with poor potassium levels include:
Heart Arrhythmias
Lowered potassium can interfere with the electrical signals that control heart rate. This can lead to an irregular heartbeat, which increases the risk of stroke or other cardiovascular issues.
Muscle Weakness and Paralysis
It can affect muscle function, leading to muscle weakness and even paralysis in extreme cases.
Abnormal Breathing Patterns
It can cause difficulty breathing, which can lead to an increased risk of respiratory failure.
Increased Susceptibility to Infection
Low potassium levels can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off bacterial and viral infections.
It is important to monitor your potassium levels regularly, especially if you are at risk for hypokalemia. Left untreated
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